Data-centre Infrastructure & Digital Infrastructure in India:

Last Updated on August 29, 2025 by Admin

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

India’s data-centre infrastructure is experiencing an unprecedented transformation, with capacity projected to surge from 1.03 GW in 2024 to 1.8 GW by 2027, representing a remarkable 77% growth trajectory. The India Data Center Market size is estimated at 3.31 thousand MW in 2025, and is expected to reach 6.69 thousand MW by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 15.11%. This expansion is catalyzed by the convergence of multiple factors: explosive digital adoption, cloud migration, artificial intelligence deployment, and supportive government policies.

The market is attracting substantial investments exceeding USD 100 billion by 2027, with global hyperscalers and domestic enterprises competing for strategic positioning. Mumbai and Chennai dominate the landscape, accounting for 81% of new capacity additions, while emerging hubs in tier-II cities present new opportunities. The sector’s evolution from traditional colocation services to AI-ready, sustainable infrastructure marks a critical inflection point in India’s journey toward becoming a global digital hub.

Key investment drivers include State governments offering attractive incentives, including land value exemptions of up to 50%, complete stamp duty exemptions, and substantial reimbursements on interest payments. The sector’s designation as essential infrastructure and the implementation of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 have created a robust regulatory framework supporting sustained growth.

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2. Introduction

2.1 Strategic Importance for India’s Economy

Data centres constitute the backbone of India’s digital economy, projected to reach USD 1 trillion by 2027-28. These facilities serve as critical infrastructure supporting everything from e-commerce transactions to government services, healthcare systems, and financial operations. As per Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), 56% of newly connected Indians would reside in rural areas by 2025.

The proliferation of digital services has created an exponential increase in data generation. The total data consumption in India expected to surpass 25 exabytes per month by 2025. This data explosion, coupled with the government’s Digital India initiative, positions data centres as strategic national assets essential for economic competitiveness and digital sovereignty.

2.2 Cloud Adoption and Digital Transformation

Cloud computing adoption has emerged as a primary catalyst for data-centre expansion. According to the statistics presented by the NASSCOM and Oliver Wyman studies, cloud computing would contribute 8% of India’s GDP by 2026. Organizations across all sectors are migrating to cloud-based platforms, with banking, financial services, technology, and government agencies leading the transformation.

The shift toward Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) models has fundamentally altered enterprise IT strategies. Small and medium enterprises, previously constrained by capital requirements for IT infrastructure, now access enterprise-grade capabilities through cloud services, democratizing technology access across the economic spectrum.

2.3 AI and IoT Readiness

Artificial intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) deployments require sophisticated data-centre infrastructure capable of handling intensive computational workloads. The Indian government has committed ₹10,732 crore (approximately USD 1.24 billion USD) towards AI infrastructure development, which includes the creation of “AI-ready” data centers.

The convergence of 5G networks, edge computing, and AI applications necessitates a distributed data-centre architecture. The adoption of edge computing in sectors such as smart cities, finance and banking is increasing rapidly, leading to a projected market worth US$7 billion by 2025.

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2.4 Government Initiatives

The government’s Digital India program and National Data Centre Policy framework have established India as an attractive destination for data-centre investments. Key initiatives include:

Infrastructure Status: Data centres received infrastructure status in October 2022, facilitating easier access to institutional financing
Data Centre Economic Zones (DCEZs): Plans for four specialized zones with additional incentives
Single Window Clearance: Streamlined approval processes through the National Single Window System (NSWS)
Data Localization Mandates: Requirements for certain categories of data to be stored within India

3. Current Landscape

3.1 Market Size and Capacity

The Indian Data Center Market was valued at USD 6.48 billion in 2024, and is projected to reach USD 10.70 billion by 2030, rising at a CAGR of 8.72%. The physical infrastructure spans over 10.3 million square feet as of 2024, with projections to double by 2025.

Table 1: India Data Centre Market Metrics

Metric	2024	2025 (Projected)	2030 (Projected)
Market Value	USD 6.48 Billion	USD 7.44 Billion	USD 10.70 Billion
IT Load Capacity	1.03 GW	1.31 GW	2.0 GW
Colocation Revenue	–	USD 2.34 Billion	USD 4.93 Billion
Real Estate Footprint	10.3 Million sq ft	20 Million sq ft	–

3.2 Geographic Distribution

India’s data-centre ecosystem exhibits strong geographic concentration in major metropolitan areas, driven by factors including power availability, submarine cable connectivity, and proximity to enterprise customers.

Major Data Centre Hubs:

Mumbai (Including Navi Mumbai)

Navi Mumbai holds the largest data centre market with a 44% alone. The total capacity is 289 MW, with 3.6 million sq ft in its functional area.
Leading position due to 10 submarine cable landing stations
Houses facilities from Google, Microsoft, Equinix, and major domestic operators
Google has planned to set up an 8-storey 381,000 sq ft data centre in Navi Mumbai by 2025 with an investment of ₹1144 crore in the first 10 years.

Chennai

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Second-largest market with 113 MW capacity
Chennai has a major presence of data centre since it has the market with the second-highest number of undersea cables after Mumbai.
Projected to maintain second position through 2030
Significant investments from Adani (Rs 2,500 crore) and international operators

Hyderabad

38 MW capacity with strong IT sector integration
6% market share leveraging existing technology ecosystem
Focus on serving domestic IT services companies

Pune

32 MW capacity with 5% market share
Witnessed 15 MW supply addition in H2 2024
Strategic location between Mumbai and Bangalore

Bangalore

Traditional IT hub transitioning to data-centre operations
Focus on serving core technology firms and testing laboratories
Limited new supply due to power constraints

Delhi NCR (Noida, Gurgaon)

Serving government and enterprise customers
Strategic importance for North India operations
Benefiting from proximity to decision-making centers

Emerging Markets:

Kolkata: 67 MW capacity, the only major hub in East India
Indore: 80MW AI-optimized facility announced by RackBank

3.3 Key Market Operators

The Indian data-centre market features a mix of global hyperscalers, international colocation providers, and domestic operators:

Global Players:

Equinix: Expanded through GPX acquisition (USD 161 million investment)
NTT Ltd: Major presence across multiple cities
STT GDC: Significant capacity in Mumbai and Chennai
Princeton Digital Group: USD 1 billion expansion planned

Domestic Leaders:

Yotta Infrastructure: Hyperscale facilities in Mumbai
AdaniConneX: Joint venture with EdgeConneX, raised USD 1.44 billion in 2024
Nxtra by Airtel: Telecom-backed data-centre subsidiary
CtrlS Datacenters: Planning 25 facilities by 2025
Sify Technologies: Pioneer in Indian data-centre market

New Entrants:

Reliance Industries: World’s largest data centre planned in Jamnagar with Nvidia partnership
Colt-RMZ Joint Venture: USD 1.7 billion investment for 250MW capacity

4. Government Policies & Regulatory Framework

4.1 National Policy Framework

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITy) released a draft National Data Centre Policy in 2020, establishing the strategic framework for sector development. Key provisions include:

Data Centre Incentivization Scheme (DCIS):

Fiscal incentives for domestic equipment usage
Support for local manufacturing of servers, storage, and cooling equipment
Tax benefits for green data-centre initiatives

Essential Services Classification:

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Data centres designated under the Essential Services Maintenance Act (ESMA)
Ensures operational continuity during force majeure events
Priority power allocation and utility services

4.2 State-Level Initiatives

States compete aggressively to attract data-centre investments through tailored policies:

Maharashtra:

IT-ITES Policy 2023 with simplified approvals
Electricity duty waivers and infrastructure support
Focus on Mumbai-Pune corridor development

Tamil Nadu:

2021 Data Centre Policy with renewable energy incentives
Building norm exemptions for specialized construction
Infrastructure development subsidies

Uttar Pradesh:

The Uttar Pradesh government provides a 100% exemption on electricity and transmission charges to encourage data center growth in India.
Land subsidies and streamlined single-window clearance
Focus on the Noida and Greater Noida regions

Karnataka:

2022-2027 policy with uninterrupted power guarantees
Financial incentives for sustainable operations
Bangalore-Mysore corridor development

Telangana:

Significant budget allocations for infrastructure
Operational subsidies for large-scale facilities
Hyderabad as a regional hub strategy

4.3 Data Localization Requirements

The regulatory landscape includes specific data residency requirements:

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Directives:

Payment system data must be stored exclusively in India
Financial services data localization for systemically important entities

Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023:

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act and its accompanying rules are set to transform the data protection landscape, impacting colocation data centre operators.
Framework for cross-border data transfers with approved countries
Graded responsibilities for data fiduciaries

Sectoral Requirements:

Healthcare data under Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
Government data under MeghRaj cloud initiative
Telecom data under unified license conditions

4.4 Renewable Energy Mandates

Sustainability requirements increasingly shape policy frameworks:

Mandatory renewable energy procurement targets
Green building certifications (IGBC, LEED) incentivized
Carbon neutrality roadmaps for large facilities
Water conservation and recycling mandates

5. Investment Trends & Market Forecast

5.1 Current Investment Landscape

The Indian data-centre sector has witnessed unprecedented capital inflows:

Investment Metrics:

Over USD 27 billion invested in the last 36-48 months
Investments are projected to exceed USD 100 billion by 2027.
Average investment per MW increasing from Rs 40-45 crore to Rs 60-70 crore

Major Investment Announcements (2024-2025):

5.2 Foreign Direct Investment Trends

International investors recognize India’s strategic importance:

Source Markets:

Singapore: Largest FDI source through sovereign funds
United States: Hyperscaler investments (AWS, Microsoft, Google)
Japan: NTT, other telecommunications companies
Middle East: Sovereign wealth fund participation

Investment Structures:

Joint ventures with local partners for market access
Greenfield developments in tier-1 cities
Acquisition of existing facilities for rapid scaling
Build-to-suit arrangements with anchor tenants

5.3 Market Growth Projections

Capacity Expansion Forecast:

Year	IT Load Capacity	Growth Rate	Investment Required
2025	1.31 GW	27%	USD 5 billion
2026	1.8 GW	37%	USD 7 billion
2027	2.2 GW	22%	USD 8 billion
2028	2.8 GW	27%	USD 10 billion
2030	6.69 GW	45%	USD 15 billion

5.4 Hyperscale Demand Dynamics

The streaming and digital content sector is emerging as a significant driver of data center growth. According to recent statistics, India’s OTT market has achieved remarkable penetration with 423.8 million subscribers, including 119 million paid subscribers as of 2022.

Key Demand Drivers:

Cloud service providers pre-committing 800MW for AI workloads
OTT platforms are expanding content delivery networks
E-commerce companies building fulfillment infrastructure
Financial services digital transformation

5.5 Sector Outlook 2025-2030

The medium-term outlook remains exceptionally positive:

Growth Catalysts:

5G network rollout accelerating edge deployments
AI adoption across industries
Government digitalization initiatives
Increasing enterprise cloud adoption

Market Consolidation:

Tier-1 operators achieving scale economies
Regional players focusing on niche segments
International operators seeking local partnerships
Infrastructure funds increasing allocations

6. Technology Trends

6.1 Cloud Services Evolution

The cloud services landscape in India is maturing rapidly:

Service Models:

IaaS growing at 35% CAGR
PaaS adoption accelerating with developer tools
SaaS becoming standard for enterprise applications
Hybrid cloud architectures gaining prominence

Market Dynamics:

Public cloud adoption in BFSI sector accelerating
Multi-cloud strategies becoming standard
Sovereign cloud requirements for government
Industry-specific cloud solutions emerging

6.2 Edge Data Centres

Edge computing infrastructure is proliferating to support latency-sensitive applications:

Deployment Scenarios:

5G network edges for mobile applications
Smart city command centers
Industrial IoT gateways
Content delivery networks

Infrastructure Requirements:

Micro data centres (10-100 kW) in tier-2/3 cities
Modular designs for rapid deployment
Remote management capabilities
Resilient connectivity options

6.3 Green and Energy-Efficient Technologies

Sustainability has become a critical differentiator:

Energy Efficiency Measures:

A Gartner report states that by 2025, half of cloud data centers will deploy advanced robots with AI and ML capabilities, resulting in 30% higher operating efficiency.
Liquid cooling for high-density racks
AI-driven cooling optimization
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) targets below 1.3

Renewable Energy Integration:

Several data centers powered by alternative sources stand as leading Indian examples, with over half of their power currently derived from renewable energy sources.
Solar installations with battery storage
Wind power purchase agreements
Green hydrogen pilots for backup power

6.4 AI-Driven Infrastructure

Artificial intelligence is transforming data-centre operations:

Operational Applications:

Predictive maintenance reducing downtime
Dynamic workload optimization
Energy consumption forecasting
Security threat detection

Infrastructure Requirements:

GPU clusters for AI training
High-bandwidth interconnects
Specialized cooling for AI chips
Storage optimized for AI datasets

6.5 Sustainability Initiatives

India has committed to tripling its renewable energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030 and achieving net-zero.

Key Initiatives:

Carbon neutrality commitments by 2030
Water recycling and zero-liquid discharge
E-waste management programs
Circular economy principles adoption

7. Challenges & Risks

7.1 Power Availability and Costs

Power remains the most critical constraint:

Challenges:

Currently, data centers in India consume less than 1 per cent of the nation’s total electricity usage. But with their rapid growth, this figure could increase to 6 per cent by 2030.
Grid reliability issues in tier-2 cities
Rising electricity tariffs impacting operational costs
Renewable energy integration complexity

Mitigation Strategies:

Captive power generation investments
Long-term power purchase agreements
Energy storage system deployments
Demand response participation

7.2 Land Acquisition Complexities

Real estate challenges persist:

Issues:

Limited availability of suitable land parcels
Rising land costs in prime locations
Lengthy approval processes
Environmental clearance requirements

Solutions:

State-sponsored data-centre parks
Brownfield conversions
Public-private partnerships
Land pooling mechanisms

7.3 Regulatory Compliance

The evolving regulatory landscape creates uncertainty:

Compliance Requirements:

Data protection regulations
Cross-border data transfer restrictions
Cybersecurity standards
Environmental regulations

Industry Response:

Compliance automation investments
Regular audit mechanisms
Industry self-regulation initiatives
Policy advocacy efforts

7.4 Cybersecurity Threats

Security challenges intensify with scale:

Threat Landscape:

Sophisticated cyber attacks
Data breach risks
Physical security requirements
Supply chain vulnerabilities

Security Measures:

Zero-trust architecture adoption
AI-powered threat detection
Regular security audits
Incident response capabilities

7.5 Skilled Workforce Shortage

Talent availability constrains growth:

Skill Gaps:

Data centre operations expertise
Cloud architecture capabilities
Cybersecurity professionals
Green technology specialists

Talent Development:

Industry-academia partnerships
Professional certification programs
International talent recruitment
In-house training initiatives

8. Comparative Benchmarking

8.1 Regional Positioning

India’s competitive position in the Asia-Pacific region:

Comparative Advantages:

Large domestic market with 900 million internet users by 2025
Cost-competitive operations (Mumbai at $6.60 per watt vs Tokyo/Sydney’s higher rates)
English-speaking workforce
Time zone advantages for global operations

Market Comparison:

Country	Current Capacity	Growth Rate	Key Strengths
India	1.03 GW	24% CAGR	Scale, cost, talent
Singapore	1.2 GW	15% CAGR	Connectivity, stability
Japan	2.5 GW	10% CAGR	Technology, reliability
Australia	0.8 GW	12% CAGR	Regulatory clarity

8.2 Global Benchmarking

Comparison with established markets:

United States:

Market size: 25 GW (2024) to 80 GW (2030)
Strengths: Innovation, hyperscaler headquarters
India opportunity: Cost arbitrage, talent pool

European Union:

Focus on sustainability and data sovereignty
GDPR as regulatory benchmark
India alignment: Green initiatives, data protection

Middle East:

Rapid growth from low base
Government-led investments
Competition for same investor pool

8.3 Competitive Dynamics

India’s evolving competitive advantages:

Cost Competitiveness:

30-40% lower operational costs than developed markets
Competitive construction costs
Favorable labor arbitrage

Strategic Positioning:

Bridge between East and West
Democratic governance framework
Growing domestic consumption

9. Future Outlook

9.1 India as a Global Digital Hub

India’s trajectory toward becoming a global data-centre hub accelerates:

Strategic Initiatives:

Position as disaster recovery location for global enterprises
Regional hub for South Asia and Africa
Center for AI and analytics operations
Global capability centers expansion

Infrastructure Development:

Submarine cable capacity expansion
Satellite communication integration
Quantum-ready infrastructure planning
6G preparation initiatives

9.2 AI and Advanced Computing

The AI revolution drives infrastructure evolution:

AI Infrastructure Requirements:

Cloud service providers have pre-committed and reserved 800MW for AI workloads providing robust growth ahead.
Specialized cooling for 50-150kW racks
High-speed interconnects for distributed training
Edge-to-cloud continuum architecture

Application Domains:

Healthcare: Drug discovery, diagnostics
Financial Services: Risk modeling, fraud detection
Manufacturing: Predictive maintenance, quality control
Agriculture: Precision farming, yield optimization

9.3 5G and Edge Computing Synergies

5G deployment catalyzes edge infrastructure:

Use Cases:

Autonomous vehicles
Augmented reality applications
Industrial automation
Smart city services

Infrastructure Evolution:

Thousands of micro edge locations
Network function virtualization
Multi-access edge computing
Content delivery optimization

9.4 Cross-Border Data Flows

Evolving frameworks for international data transfers:

Bilateral Agreements:

Data adequacy determinations
Trusted partner frameworks
Sector-specific arrangements
Regional cooperation initiatives

Business Implications:

Global service delivery models
Compliance complexity management
Data residency optimization
Hybrid sovereignty solutions

10. Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations

10.1 Key Conclusions

India’s data-centre sector stands at an inflection point, transitioning from a nascent market to a global force. The convergence of massive domestic demand, supportive policies, and substantial investments creates unprecedented opportunities. The sector’s evolution from basic colocation services to AI-ready, sustainable infrastructure positions India as a critical node in the global digital economy.

The projected growth from 1.03 GW to 6.69 GW by 2030 represents not just capacity expansion but fundamental transformation in capabilities, sustainability, and global integration. Success requires addressing challenges in power availability, regulatory compliance, and talent development while maintaining cost competitiveness and operational excellence.

10.2 Recommendations for Policymakers

Immediate Actions:

Finalize and implement the National Data Centre Policy
Establish fast-track environmental clearances for green data centres
Create data-centre-specific SEZs with infrastructure support
Develop national standards for data-centre operations

Medium-term Initiatives:

Invest in power grid modernization and renewable energy
Establish data-centre skill development programs
Facilitate international data transfer agreements
Support indigenous technology development

Long-term Strategy:

Position India as a global data hub through diplomatic initiatives
Develop quantum-ready infrastructure frameworks
Create sovereign cloud capabilities
Foster innovation ecosystems around data centres

10.3 Recommendations for Investors

Investment Strategy:

Focus on tier-1 cities for immediate returns
Explore tier-2 cities for long-term growth
Partner with established operators for market entry
Prioritize sustainable and AI-ready infrastructure

Risk Mitigation:

Secure long-term power agreements
Diversify geographic presence
Invest in talent development
Maintain regulatory compliance frameworks

Value Creation:

Develop specialized capabilities (AI, edge, green)
Build ecosystem partnerships
Focus on operational excellence
Integrate renewable energy sources

10.4 Recommendations for Enterprises

Digital Transformation:

Accelerate cloud adoption with local data residency
Develop hybrid cloud strategies
Invest in edge computing capabilities
Prioritize data security and compliance

Vendor Selection:

Evaluate sustainability credentials
Assess scalability and flexibility
Verify compliance certifications
Consider connectivity options

Future Preparation:

Plan for AI workload requirements
Develop data governance frameworks
Build internal cloud capabilities
Establish disaster recovery strategies

References

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This report represents a comprehensive analysis of India’s data-centre and digital infrastructure landscape as of August 2025. The rapidly evolving nature of this sector necessitates continuous monitoring of market developments, policy changes, and technological innovations. Stakeholders should conduct specific due diligence for investment and strategic decisions.

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